List all installed packages:
 dpkg-query -l dpkg --get-selections apt list --installed  |  
List all packages that are available for install from sources in /etc/apt/sources.list
 
 
      
apt-get update
apt-cache dumpavail
 
To find out what package contains a file:
 dpkg-query -S libf2c.so.2.1  |  
List all files owned by a package
 dpkg -L package-name  |  
Reinstall a package
 sudo apt-get install --reinstall package-name  |  
What does a package depend on?
 apt-cache depends package-name  |  
What depends on this package?
 apt-cache rdepends package-name  |  
Return to parent directory.